ВЕНОЗНЫЕ ТРОМБОЭМБОЛИЧЕСКИЕ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ТРАВМАМИ


Агаларян А.Х., Агаджанян В.В., Штофин С.Г., Гончаров Р.С.

Аннотация


Цель обзора — систематизировать имеющиеся литературные данные о причинах развития, методах диагностики и профилактики венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений (ВТЭО) у пациентов с травмами.

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ систематических обзоров о диагностике, лечении и профилактики развития ВТЭО при травматических повреждениях с использованием наукометрических баз данных Scopus, РИНЦ, PubMed, MedLine за 2019–2024 гг.

Заключение. Пациенты с травмой подвержены повышенному риску формирования ВТЭО, которые включают в себя тромбоз глубоких вен (ТГВ) и тромбоэмболию легочной артерии (ТЭЛА), что обуславливает высокий уровень смертности. Основными факторами риска являются пожилой возраст, переломы костей таза и длинных трубчатых костей, переломы позвоночника, черепно-мозговые травмы, длительная иммобилизация, коморбидность и задержка профилактического лечения. Эффективность компрессионных мер профилактики повышается с применением фармакологических средств и ранней активизации пациента после операций.

Всем больным с ТГВ и/или ТЭЛА при отсутствии противопоказаний рекомендуется проведение антикоагулянтной терапии и механическая профилактика ВТЭО.


Ключевые слова


венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения; тромбоз глубоких вен; тромбоэмболия легочной артерии; травматические повреждения

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Литература


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