РЕЕСТРЫ ТРАВМ МИРА: ИСТОРИЯ, СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ
Аннотация
Реестр травм является важным инструментом изучения травматизма, контроля и улучшения качества лечения травм, отслеживания социальных и медицинских последствий травм, проведения научных исследований, планирования здравоохранения.
Цель – изучить историю создания реестров травм мира, рассмотреть проблемы, препятствующие эффективному функционированию реестров и пути их преодоления.
Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск статей в журналах, представленных в базе данных PubMed и Научной электронной библиотеке (eLIBRARY.ru), опубликованных в основном за период с 2015 по 2021 год, систематизированы результаты научных исследований, посвященных реестрам травм мира.
Результаты. Историческая общемировая тенденция – создание и развитие национальных и международных реестров травм.
Основными препятствиями к созданию и эффективному функционированию реестров травм являются отсутствие стандартизации его элементов, недостаточное финансирование, дефицит человеческих и технических ресурсов, отсутствие и низкое качество данных.
Стандартизация реестров травм требует унификации критериев включения пациентов и набора переменных, единых аналитических методов оценки степени тяжести и прогнозирования исхода травмы, показателей качества лечения. Для формирования реестра травм на популяционной основе необходимо создание и совершенствование травматологических систем, включение в реестр сведений о догоспитальном периоде, отдаленных результатах лечения и последствиях травм. Качество данных реестра травм может быть значительно улучшено за счет применения и совершенствования электронных информационных технологий, обучения персонала, разработки стандартного метода оценки и мониторинга показателей качества данных.
Вывод. Реестр травм – необходимый инструмент повышения эффективности здравоохранения, снижения смертности от травм и улучшения результатов их лечения. Создание и ведение национального реестра требует междисциплинарных усилий и поддержки на государственном уровне.
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