ТРАВМА ТАЗА: КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ВСЕМИРНОГО ОБЩЕСТВА НЕОТЛОЖНОЙ ХИРУРГИИ WSES


Рева В.А.

Аннотация


Сложные травмы таза относятся к наиболее опасным травматическим повреждениям. Существуют многочисленные классификации, некоторые из которых основаны на механизме повреждения, другие – на морфологии повреждений, третьи – на нарушении механической стабильности, требующей хирургической фиксации. Тем не менее, оптимальная тактика лечения должна учитывать гемодинамический статус пациента, анатомическое нарушение функции тазового кольца и наличие сочетанных повреждений. Лечение пациентов с травмой таза направлено на окончательное восстановление гомеостаза и нормальной патофизиологии, связанной с механической стабильностью тазового кольца. Следовательно, лечение повреждений таза должно быть основано на мультидисциплинарном подходе и, в конечном счете, на физиологии пациента и анатомии повреждения. В данной статье представлена классификация повреждений таза и клинические рекомендации, разработанные Всемирным обществом неотложной хирургии WSES.


Ключевые слова


таз, травма, рекомендации, механизм, ангиография, эндоваскулярная баллонная окклюзия аорты (ЭВБОА), аортальная баллонная окклюзия (АБО), внебрюшинная тампонада таза, внешняя фиксация, внутренняя фиксация, рентгенография, переломы тазового кольца

Полный текст:

Full Text HTML

Литература


Arvieux C, Thony F, Broux C, et al. Current management of severe pelvic and perineal trauma. J Visc Surg. 2012;149:e227–38

Cullinane DC, Schiller HJ, Zielinski MD, et al. Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guidelines for hemorrhage in pelvic fracture–update and systematic review. J Trauma. 2011;71:1850–68

Grotz MR, Allami MK, Harwood P, Pape HC, Krettek C, Giannoudis PV. Open pelvic fractures: epidemiology, current concepts of management and outcome. Injury. 2005;36:1–13

Magnone S, Coccolini F, Manfredi R, et al. Management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic trauma: results of the first Italian consensus conference (cooperative guidelines of the Italian Society of Surgery, the Italian Association of Hospital Surgeons, the Multi-specialist Italian Society of Young Surgeons, the Italian Society of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the Italian Society of Emergency Medicine, the Italian Society of Medical Radiology -Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology- and the World Society of Emergency Surgery). World J Emerg Surg. 2014;9:18

Perkins ZB, Maytham GD, Koers L, Bates P, Brohi K, Tai NR. Impact on outcome of a targeted performance improvement programme in haemodynamically unstable patients with a pelvic fracture. Bone Joint J. 2014;96-B:1090–7

Biffl WL, Smith WR, Moore EE, et al. Evolution of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway for the management of unstable patients with pelvic fractures. Ann Surg. 2001;233:843–50

Goslings JC, Ponsen KJ, van Delden OM. Injuries to the pelvis and extremities. In: ACS Surgery: Principles and Practice: Decker Intellectual Properties. 2013

Coccolini F, Montori G, Catena F, et al. Liver trauma: WSES position paper. World J Emerg Surg. 2015;10:39

Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine – Levels of Evidence (March 2009). 2009. (Accessed at http://www.cebm.net/ocebm-levels-of-evidence/)

Costantini TW, Coimbra R, Holcomb JB, et al. Current management of hemorrhage from severe pelvic fractures: Results of an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multi-institutional trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80:717–23. discussion 23–5

Pereira SJ, O’Brien DP, Luchette FA, et al. Dynamic helical computed tomography scan accurately detects hemorrhage in patients with pelvic fracture. Surgery. 2000;128:678–85

Burgess AR, Eastridge BJ, Young JW, et al. Pelvic ring disruptions: effective classification system and treatment protocols. J Trauma. 1990;30:848–56

Huittinen VM, Slatis P. Postmortem angiography and dissection of the hypogastric artery in pelvic fractures. Surgery. 1973;73:454–62

Luckhoff C, Mitra B, Cameron PA, Fitzgerald M, Royce P. The diagnosis of acute urethral trauma. Injury. 2011;42:913–6

Blackmore CC, Cummings P, Jurkovich GJ, Linnau KF, Hoffer EK, Rivara FP. Predicting major hemorrhage in patients with pelvic fracture. J Trauma. 2006;61:346–52

Balogh Z, Caldwell E, Heetveld M, et al. Institutional practice guidelines on management of pelvic fracture-related hemodynamic instability: do they make a difference? J Trauma. 2005;58:778–82

Da Luz LT, Nascimento B, Shankarakutty AK, Rizoli S, Adhikari NK. Effect of thromboelastography (TEG(R)) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM(R)) on diagnosis of coagulopathy, transfusion guidance and mortality in trauma: descriptive systematic review. Crit Care. 2014;18:518

Duane TM, Tan BB, Golay D, Cole Jr FJ, Weireter Jr LJ, Britt LD. Blunt trauma and the role of routine pelvic radiographs: a prospective analysis. J Trauma. 2002;53:463–8

Gonzalez E, Moore EE, Moore HB, et al. Goal-directed Hemostatic Resuscitation of Trauma-induced Coagulopathy: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Viscoelastic Assay to Conventional Coagulation Assays. Ann Surg. 2016;263:1051–9

Kashuk JL, Moore EE, Sawyer M, et al. Postinjury coagulopathy management: goal directed resuscitation via POC thrombelastography. Ann Surg. 2010; 251:604–14

Rossaint R, Cerny V, Coats TJ, et al. Key issues in advanced bleeding care in trauma. Shock. 2006;26:322–31

Stahel PF, Moore EE, Schreier SL, Flierl MA, Kashuk JL. Transfusion strategies in postinjury coagulopathy. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009;22:289–98

Paydar S, Ghaffarpasand F, Foroughi M, et al. Role of routine pelvic radiography in initial evaluation of stable, high-energy, blunt trauma patients. Emerg Med J. 2013;30:724–7

Mutschler M, Nienaber U, Brockamp T, et al. Renaissance of base deficit for the initial assessment of trauma patients: a base deficit-based classification for hypovolemic shock developed on data from 16,305 patients derived from the TraumaRegister DGU(R). Crit Care. 2013;17:R42

Mutschler M, Nienaber U, Munzberg M, et al. The Shock Index revisited – a fast guide to transfusion requirement? A retrospective analysis on 21,853 patients derived from the TraumaRegister DGU. Crit Care. 2013;17:R172

Committee of trauma of ACS. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Student manual 9th ed. ACS. Chicago. 2012

Salim A, Teixeira PG, DuBose J, et al. Predictors of positive angiography in pelvic fractures: a prospective study. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;207:656–62

Marzi I, Lustenberger T. Management of Bleeding Pelvic Fractures. Scand J Surg. 2014;103:104–11

Rossaint R, Bouillon B, Cerny V, et al. Management of bleeding following major trauma: an updated European guideline. Crit Care. 2010;14:R52

Kirkpatrick AW, Sirois M, Laupland KB, et al. Hand-held thoracic sonography for detecting post-traumatic pneumothoraces: the Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (EFAST). J Trauma. 2004;57:288–95

Volpicelli G, Elbarbary M, Blaivas M, et al. International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound. Intensive Care Med.2012;38:577–91

Gonzalez RP, Fried PQ, Bukhalo M. The utility of clinical examination in screening for pelvic fractures in blunt trauma. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;194:121–5

Yugueros P, Sarmiento JM, Garcia AF, Ferrada R. Unnecessary use of pelvic x-ray in blunt trauma. J Trauma. 1995;39:722–5

Guillamondegui OD, Pryor JP, Gracias VH, Gupta R, Reilly PM, Schwab CW. Pelvic radiography in blunt trauma resuscitation: a diminishing role. J Trauma. 2002;53:1043–7

Hallinan JT, Tan CH, Pua U. Emergency computed tomography for acute pelvic trauma: where is the bleeder? Clin Radiol. 2014;69:529–37

Chen B, Zhang Y, Xiao S, Gu P, Lin X. Personalized image-based templates for iliosacral screw insertions: a pilot study. Int J Med Robot. 2012;8:476–82

Fleiter N, Reimertz C, Lustenberger T, et al. Importance of the correct placement of the pelvic binder for stabilisation of haemodynamically compromised patients. Z Orthop Unfall. 2012;150:627–9

Bottlang M, Krieg JC, Mohr M, Simpson TS, Madey SM. Emergent management of pelvic ring fractures with use of circumferential compression. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A Suppl 2:43–7

DeAngelis NA, Wixted JJ, Drew J, Eskander MS, Eskander JP, French BG. Use of the trauma pelvic orthotic device (T-POD) for provisional stabilisation of anterior-posterior compression type pelvic fractures: a cadaveric study. Injury. 2008;39:903–6

Hedrick-Thompson JK. A review of pressure reduction device studies. J Vasc Nurs. 1992;10:3–5

Spanjersberg WR, Knops SP, Schep NW, van Lieshout EM, Patka P, Schipper IB. Effectiveness and complications of pelvic circumferential compression devices in patients with unstable pelvic fractures: a systematic review of literature. Injury. 2009;40:1031–5

Croce MA, Magnotti LJ, Savage SA, Wood 2nd GW, Fabian TC. Emergent pelvic fixation in patients with exsanguinating pelvic fractures. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:935–9. discussion 40–2

Krieg JC, Mohr M, Ellis TJ, Simpson TS, Madey SM, Bottlang M. Emergent stabilization of pelvic ring injuries by controlled circumferential compression: a clinical trial. J Trauma. 2005;59:659–64

Tinubu J, Scalea TM. Management of fractures in a geriatric surgical patient. Surg Clin North Am. 2015;95:115–28

Bakhshayesh P, Boutefnouchet T, Totterman A. Effectiveness of non invasive external pelvic compression: a systematic review of the literature. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24:73

Abrassart S, Stern R, Peter R. Unstable pelvic ring injury with hemodynamic instability: what seems the best procedure choice and sequence in the initial management? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2013;99:175–82

Amorosa LF, Amorosa JH, Wellman DS, Lorich DG, Helfet DL. Management of pelvic injuries in pregnancy. Orthop Clin North Am. 2013;44:301–15. VIII

Stannard A, Eliason JL, Rasmussen TE. Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) as an Adjunct for Hemorrhagic Shock. J Trauma. 2011;71:1869–72

Morrison JJ, Galgon RE, Jansen JO, Cannon JW, Rasmussen TE, Eliason JL. A systematic review of the use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in the management of hemorrhagic shock. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery. 2016;80:324–34

Biffl WL, Fox CJ, Moore EE. The role of REBOA in the control of exsanguinating torso hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care. 2015;78:1054–8

Delamare L, Crognier L, Conil JM, Rousseau H, Georges B, Ruiz S. Treatment of intra-abdominal haemorrhagic shock by Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA). Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine. 2015;34:53–5

Hörer TM, Skoog P, Pirouzram A, Nilsson KF, Larzon T. A small case series of aortic balloon occlusion in trauma: lessons learned from its use in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms and a brief review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2016;42(5):585–92

Ogura T, Lefor AT, Nakano M, Izawa Y, Morita H. Nonoperative management of hemodynamically unstable abdominal trauma patients with angioembolization and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. J Trauma Acute Care. 2015;78:132–5

DuBose JJ, Scalea TM, Brenner M, Skiada D, Inaba K, Cannon J, et al; AAST AORTA Study Group. The AAST prospective Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) registry: data on contemporary utilization and outcomes of aortic occlusion and resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA). J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;81(3):409-19

Burlew CC, Moore EE, Moore FA, et al. Western Trauma Association Critical Decisions in Trauma: Resuscitative thoracotomy. J Trauma Acute Care. 2012; 73:1359–64

Burlew CC, Moore EE, Smith WR, et al. Preperitoneal pelvic packing/external fixation with secondary angioembolization: optimal care for life-threatening hemorrhage from unstable pelvic fractures. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212:628–35. discussion 35–7

Martinelli T, Thony F, Declety P, et al. Intra-Aortic Balloon Occlusion to Salvage Patients With Life-Threatening Hemorrhagic Shocks From Pelvic Fractures. J Trauma. 2010;68:942–8

Stahel PF, Mauffrey C, Smith WR, et al. External fixation for acute pelvic ring injuries: decision making and technical options. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013; 75:882–7

Brenner ML, Moore LJ, DuBose JJ, et al. A clinical series of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for hemorrhage control and resuscitation. J Trauma Acute Care. 2013;75:506–11

Norii T, Crandall C, Terasaka Y. Survival of severe blunt trauma patients treated with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta compared with propensity score-adjusted untreated patients. J Trauma Acute Care. 2015;78:721–8

Mayer D, Aeschbacher S, Pfammatter T, et al. Complete Replacement of Open Repair for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms by Endovascular Aneurysm Repair A Two-Center 14-Year Experience. Ann Surg. 2012;256:688–96

Malina M, Holst J. Balloon control for ruptured AAAs: when and when not to use? J Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;55:161–7

Malina M, Veith F, Ivancev K, Sonesson B. Balloon occlusion of the aorta during endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists. 2005;12:556–9

Larzon T, Skoog P. One hundred percent of ruptured aortic abdominal aneurysms can be treated endovascularly if adjunct techniques are used such as chimneys, periscopes and embolization. J Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;55:169–78

Morrison J, Ross J, Houston R, Watson D, Rasmussen T. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta reduces mortality in a lethal model of non-compressible torso hemorrhage. Brit J Surg. 2013;100:8

Morrison JJ, Ross JD, Houston R, Watson DB, Sokol KK, Rasmussen TE. Use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in a Highly Lethal Model of Noncompressible Torso Hemorrhage. Shock. 2014;41:130–7

Russo RM, Neff LP, Lamb CM, Cannon JW, Galante JM, Clement NF, Grayson JK, Williams TK. Partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in swine model of hemorrhagic shock. J Am Coll Surg. 2016;223(2): 359–68

White JM, Cannon JW, Stannard A, Markov NP, Spencer JR, Rasmussen TE. Endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta is superior to resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic clamping in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock. Surgery. 2011;150:400–9

Horer TM, Hebron D, Swaid F, et al. Aorta Balloon Occlusion in Trauma: Three Cases Demonstrating Multidisciplinary Approach Already on Patient’s Arrival to the Emergency Room. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2015.BRS

EndoVascular hybrid Trauma and bleeding Management (EVTM) declaration. (Accessed at www.jevtm.com)

Morrison JJ, Ross JD, Markov NP, Scott DJ, Spencer JR, Rasmussen TE. The inflammatory sequelae of aortic balloon occlusion in hemorrhagic shock. J Surg Res. 2014;191:423–31

Horer TM, Skoog P, Nilsson KF, et al. Intraperitoneal metabolic consequences of supraceliac aortic balloon occlusion in an experimental animal study using microdialysis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014;28:1286–95

Markov NP, Percival TJ, Morrison JJ, et al. Physiologic tolerance of descending thoracic aortic balloon occlusion in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock. Surgery. 2013;153:848–56

Park TS, Batchinsky AI, Belenkiy SM, Jordan BS, Baker WL, Necsoiu CN, et al. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA): comparison with immediate transfusion following massive hemorrhage in swine. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79(6):930–6

Hörer TMCP, Jans A, Nilsson K. A case of partial aortic ballon occlusion in an unstable multi-trauma patient. Trauma. 2016;18:150–4

Johnson MA, Neff LP, Williams TK, DuBose JJ; EVAC Study Group. Partial resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (P-REBOA): clinical technique and rationale. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;81(5 Suppl 2 Proceedings of the 2015 Military Health System Research Symposium):S133-7

Gansslen A, Hildebrand F, Pohlemann T. Management of hemodynamic unstable patients “in extremis” with pelvic ring fractures. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2012;79:193–202

Lustenberger T, Wutzler S, Stormann P, Laurer H, Marzi I. The role of angioembolization in the acute treatment concept of severe pelvic ring injuries. Injury. 2015;46 Suppl 4:S33–8

Suzuki T, Smith WR, Moore EE. Pelvic packing or angiography: competitive or complementary? Injury. 2009;40:343–53

Agnew SG. Hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 1994;25:715–21

Hou Z, Smith WR, Strohecker KA, et al. Hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture management by advanced trauma life support guidelines results in high mortality. Orthopedics. 2012;35:e319–24

Cothren CC, Osborn PM, Moore EE, Morgan SJ, Johnson JL, Smith WR. Preperitonal pelvic packing for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures: a paradigm shift. J Trauma. 2007;62:834–9. discussion 9–42

Smith WR, Moore EE, Osborn P, et al. Retroperitoneal packing as a resuscitation technique for hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fractures: report of two representative cases and a description of technique. J Trauma. 2005;59:1510–4

Ertel W, Eid K, Keel M, Trentz O. Therapeutical Strategies and Outcome of Polytraumatized Patients with Pelvic InjuriesA Six-Year Experience. European Journal of Trauma. 2000;26:278–86

Giannoudis PV, Pape HC. Damage control orthopaedics in unstable pelvic ring injuries. Injury. 2004;35:671–7

Lustenberger T, Fau MC, Benninger E, Fau BE, Lenzlinger PM, Lenzlinger Pm F, Keel MJB, Keel MJ. C-clamp and pelvic packing for control of hemorrhage in patients with pelvic ring disruption. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2011;4:477–82

Osborn PM, Smith WR, Moore EE, et al. Direct retroperitoneal pelvic packing versus pelvic angiography: A comparison of two management protocols for haemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures. Injury. 2009;40:54–60

Burlew CC, Moore EE, Smith WR, Johnson JL, Biffl WL, Barnett CC, Stahel PF. Preperitoneal pelvic packing/external fixation with secondary angioembolization: optimal care for life-threatening hemorrhage from unstable pelvic fractures. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212(4):628–35

Chiara O, di Fratta E, Mariani A, et al. Efficacy of extra-peritoneal pelvic packing in hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures, a Propensity Score Analysis. World J Emerg Surg. 2016;11:22

Jang JY, Shim H, Jung PY, Kim S, Bae KS. Preperitoneal pelvic packing in patients with hemodynamic instability due to severe pelvic fracture: early experience in a Korean trauma center. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24:3

Li Q, Dong J, Yang Y, Wang G, Wang Y, Liu P, Robinson Y, Zhou D. Retroperitoneal packing or angioembolization for haemorrhage control of pelvic fractures–Quasi-randomized clinical trial of 56 haemodynamically unstable patients with Injury Severity Score ≥33. Injury. 2016;47(2):395–401

Brenner ML, Moore LJ, DuBose JJ, et al. A clinical series of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for hemorrhage control and resuscitation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;75:506–11

Tai DK, Li WH, Lee KY, et al. Retroperitoneal pelvic packing in the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures: a level I trauma center experience. J Trauma. 2011;71:E79–86

Totterman A, Madsen JE, Skaga NO, Roise O. Extraperitoneal pelvic packing: a salvage procedure to control massive traumatic pelvic hemorrhage. J Trauma. 2007;62:843–52

Halawi MJ. Pelvic ring injuries: Emergency assessment and management. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2015;6:252–8

Esmer E, Esmer E, Derst P, Schulz M, Siekmann H, Delank KS; das TraumaRegister DGU®. Influence of external pelvic stabilization on hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures. Unfallchirurg. 2015. [Epub ahead of print]

Poenaru DV, Popescu M, Anglitoiu B, Popa I, Andrei D, Birsasteanu F. Emergency pelvic stabilization in patients with pelvic posttraumatic instability. Int Orthop. 2015;39:961–5

Rommens PM, Hofmann A, Hessmann MH. Management of Acute Hemorrhage in Pelvic Trauma: An Overview. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2010;36:91–9

Burgess A. Invited commentary: Young-Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures: does it predict mortality, transfusion requirements, and nonorthopaedic injuries? J Orthop Trauma. 2010;24:609

Heini PF, Witt J, Ganz R. The pelvic C-clamp for the emergency treatment of unstable pelvic ring injuries. A report on clinical experience of 30 cases. Injury. 1996;27 Suppl 1:S-A38–45

Pohlemann T, Culemann U, Tosounidis G, Kristen A. Application of the pelvic C-clamp. Unfallchirurg. 2004;107:1185–91

Tiemann AH, Schmidt C, Gonschorek O, Josten C. Use of the “c-clamp” in the emergency treatment of unstable pelvic fractures. Zentralbl Chir. 2004; 129:245–51

Witschger P, Heini P, Ganz R. Pelvic clamps for controlling shock in posterior pelvic ring injuries. Application, biomechanical aspects and initial clinical results. Orthopade. 1992;21:393–9

Koller H, Balogh ZJ. Single training session for first time pelvic C-clamp users: correct pin placement and frame assembly. Injury. 2012;43:436–9

Koller H, Keil P, Seibert F. Individual and team training with first time users of the Pelvic C-Clamp: do they remember or will we need refresher trainings? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013;133:343–9

Metsemakers WJ, Vanderschot P, Jennes E, Nijs S, Heye S, Maleux G. Transcatheter embolotherapy after external surgical stabilization is a valuable treatment algorithm for patients with persistent haemorrhage from unstable pelvic fractures: outcomes of a single centre experience. Injury. 2013;44:964–8

Panetta T, Sclafani SJ, Goldstein AS, Phillips TF, Shaftan GW. Percutaneous transcatheter embolization for massive bleeding from pelvic fractures. J Trauma. 1985;25:1021–9

Rossaint R, Duranteau J, Stahel PF, Spahn DR. Nonsurgical treatment of major bleeding. Anesthesiol Clin. 2007;25:35–48. viii

Velmahos GC, Toutouzas KG, Vassiliu P, et al. A prospective study on the safety and efficacy of angiographic embolization for pelvic and visceral injuries. J Trauma. 2002;53:303–8. discussion 8

Agolini SF, Shah K, Jaffe J, Newcomb J, Rhodes M, Reed 3rd JF. Arterial embolization is a rapid and effective technique for controlling pelvic fracture hemorrhage. J Trauma. 1997;43:395–9

Eastridge BJ, Starr A, Minei JP, O’Keefe GE, Scalea TM. The importance of fracture pattern in guiding therapeutic decision-making in patients withhemorrhagic shock and pelvic ring disruptions. J Trauma. 2002;53:446–50. discussion 50–1

Hagiwara A, Minakawa K, Fukushima H, Murata A, Masuda H, Shimazaki S. Predictors of death in patients with life-threatening pelvic hemorrhage after successful transcatheter arterial embolization. J Trauma. 2003;55:696–703

Heetveld MJ, Harris I, Schlaphoff G, Sugrue M. Guidelines for the management of haemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture patients. ANZ J Surg. 2004;74:520–9

Miller PR, Moore PS, Mansell E, Meredith JW, Chang MC. External fixation or arteriogram in bleeding pelvic fracture: initial therapy guided by markers of arterial hemorrhage. J Trauma. 2003;54:437–43

Shapiro M, McDonald AA, Knight D, Johannigman JA, Cuschieri J. The role of repeat angiography in the management of pelvic fractures. J Trauma. 2005;58:227–31

Thorson CM, Ryan ML, Otero CA, et al. Operating room or angiography suite for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;72:364–70. discussion 71–2

Verbeek DO, Sugrue M, Balogh Z, et al. Acute management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic trauma patients: time for a change? Multicenter review of recent practice. World J Surg. 2008;32:1874–82

Chu CH, Tennakoon L, Maggio PM, Weiser TG, Spain DA, Staudenmayer KL. Trends in the management of pelvic fractures, 2008–2010. J Surg Res. 2016; 202:335–40

Sarin EL, Moore JB, Moore EE, et al. Pelvic fracture pattern does not always predict the need for urgent embolization. J Trauma. 2005;58:973–7

Kimbrell BJ, Velmahos GC, Chan LS, Demetriades D. Angiographic embolization for pelvic fractures in older patients. Arch Surg. 2004;139:728–32. discussion 32–3

Jones CB. Posterior pelvic ring injuries: when to perform open reduction and internal fixation. Instr Course Lect. 2012;61:27–38

Bazylewicz D, Konda S. A Review of the Definitive Treatment of Pelvic Fractures. Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013). 2016;74:6–11

Sembler Soles GL, Lien J, Tornetta 3rd P. Nonoperative immediate weightbearing of minimally displaced lateral compression sacral fractures does not result in displacement. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26:563–7

Suzuki T, Morgan SJ, Smith WR, Stahel PF, Flierl MA, Hak DJ. Stress radiograph to detect true extent of symphyseal disruption in presumed anteroposterior compression type I pelvic injuries. J Trauma. 2010;69:880–5

Hak DJ, Baran S, Stahel P. Sacral fractures: current strategies in diagnosis and management. Orthopedics. 2009;32(10)

Kach K, Trentz O. Distraction spondylodesis of the sacrum in “vertical shear lesions” of the pelvis. Unfallchirurg. 1994;97:28–38

Lindahl J, Makinen TJ, Koskinen SK, Soderlund T. Factors associated with outcome of spinopelvic dissociation treated with lumbopelvic fixation. Injury. 2014;45:1914–20

Min KS, Zamorano DP, Wahba GM, Garcia I, Bhatia N, Lee TQ. Comparison of two-transsacral-screw fixation versus triangular osteosynthesis for transforaminal sacral fractures. Orthopedics. 2014;37:e754–60

Putnis SE, Pearce R, Wali UJ, Bircher MD, Rickman MS. Open reduction and internal fixation of a traumatic diastasis of the pubic symphysis: one-year radiological and functional outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2011;93:78–84

Sagi HC. Technical aspects and recommended treatment algorithms in triangular osteosynthesis and spinopelvic fixation for vertical shear transforaminal sacral fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2009;23:354–60

Sagi HC, Militano U, Caron T, Lindvall E. A comprehensive analysis with minimum 1-year follow-up of vertically unstable transforaminal sacral fractures treated with triangular osteosynthesis. J Orthop Trauma. 2009;23: 313–9. discussion 9–21

Schildhauer TA, Josten C, Muhr G. Triangular osteosynthesis of vertically unstable sacrum fractures: a new concept allowing early weight-bearing. J Orthop Trauma. 2006;20:S44–51

Suzuki T, Hak DJ, Ziran BH, et al. Outcome and complications of posterior transiliac plating for vertically unstable sacral fractures. Injury. 2009;40:405–9

Scaglione M, Parchi P, Digrandi G, Latessa M, Guido G. External fixation in pelvic fractures. Musculoskelet Surg. 2010;94:63–70

Vaidya R, Colen R, Vigdorchik J, Tonnos F, Sethi A. Treatment of unstable pelvic ring injuries with an internal anterior fixator and posterior fixation: initial clinical series. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26:1–8

Barei DP, Shafer BL, Beingessner DM, Gardner MJ, Nork SE, Routt ML. The impact of open reduction internal fixation on acute pain management in unstable pelvic ring injuries. J Trauma. 2010;68:949–53

Stahel PF, Hammerberg EM. History of pelvic fracture management: a review. World J Emerg Surg. 2016;11:18

Balbachevsky D, Belloti JC, Doca DG, et al. Treatment of pelvic fractures – a national survey. Injury. 2014;45 Suppl 5:S46–51

Childs BR, Nahm NJ, Moore TA, Vallier HA. Multiple Procedures in the Initial Surgical Setting: When Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks in Patients With Multiple System Trauma? J Orthop Trauma. 2016;30:420–5

Enninghorst N, Toth L, King KL, McDougall D, Mackenzie S, Balogh ZJ. Acute definitive internal fixation of pelvic ring fractures in polytrauma patients: a feasible option. J Trauma. 2010;68:935–41

Nahm NJ, Moore TA, Vallier HA. Use of two grading systems in determining risks associated with timing of fracture fixation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;77:268–79

Pape HC, Tornetta 3rd P, Tarkin I, Tzioupis C, Sabeson V, Olson SA. Timing of fracture fixation in multitrauma patients: the role of early total care and damage control surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2009;17:541–9

Schreiber VM, Tarkin IS, Hildebrand F, et al. The timing of definitive fixation for major fractures in polytrauma–a matched-pair comparison between a US and European level I centres: analysis of current fracture management practice in polytrauma. Injury. 2011;42:650–4

Vallier HA, Cureton BA, Ekstein C, Oldenburg FP, Wilber JH. Early definitive stabilization of unstable pelvis and acetabulum fractures reduces morbidity. J Trauma. 2010;69:677–84

Vallier HA, Moore TA, Como JJ, et al. Complications are reduced with a protocol to standardize timing of fixation based on response to resuscitation. J Orthop Surg Res. 2015;10:155

Pape HC, Giannoudis PV, Krettek C, Trentz O. Timing of fixation of major fractures in blunt polytrauma: role of conventional indicators in clinical decision making. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19:551–62

Pape HC, Griensven MV, Hildebrand FF, et al. Systemic inflammatory response after extremity or truncal fracture operations. J Trauma. 2008;65: 1379–84

Probst C, Probst T, Gaensslen A, Krettek C, Pape HC. Timing and duration of the initial pelvic stabilization after multiple trauma in patients from the German trauma registry: is there an influence on outcome? J Trauma. 2007; 62:370–7. discussion 6–7

Pape H, Stalp M, v Griensven M, Weinberg A, Dahlweit M, Tscherne H. [Optimal timing for secondary surgery in polytrauma patients: an evaluation of 4,314 serious-injury cases]. Chirurg. 1999;70:1287–93

D’Alleyrand JC, O’Toole RV. The evolution of damage control orthopedics: current evidence and practical applications of early appropriate care. Orthop Clin North Am. 2013;44:499–507

Katsoulis E, Giannoudis PV. Impact of timing of pelvic fixation on functional outcome. Injury. 2006;37:1133–42

Pape HC, Giannoudis P, Krettek C. The timing of fracture treatment in polytrauma patients: relevance of damage control orthopedic surgery. Am J Surg. 2002;183:622–9

Pape HC, Lefering R, Butcher N, et al. The definition of polytrauma revisited: An international consensus process and proposal of the new ‘Berlin definition’. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;77:780–6

Scalea TM. Optimal timing of fracture fixation: have we learned anything in the past 20 years? J Trauma. 2008;65:253–60

Scalea TM, Boswell SA, Scott JD, Mitchell KA, Kramer ME, Pollak AN. External fixation as a bridge to intramedullary nailing for patients with multiple injuries and with femur fractures: damage control orthopedics. J Trauma. 2000;48:613–21. discussion 21–3

Scalea TM, Scott JD, Brumback RJ, et al. Early fracture fixation may be “just fine” after head injury: no difference in central nervous system outcomes. J Trauma. 1999;46:839–46


Статистика просмотров

Загрузка метрик ...

Ссылки

  • На текущий момент ссылки отсутствуют.